Computer Science Subject Note (English Medium)

 

Chapter 1: Fundamental Knowledge and Skill of Computer

a. What is computer? What are the uses of computer?

Computer is an electronic device, which takes raw data as input, process these data as per given instruction and gives result and store it for the future use.

b.   What is the working principle of computer?

A computer converts data into information by performing various actions. The computer accepts data from the input devices and processes them according to the given instructions. After the processing task, the computer produces the meaningful output and displays them through output devices. Such process performed by the computer is known as IPC cycle.

c.Write short note on:

Input: The computer gets data from the user through input devices such as keyboard, mouse etc. This is the very first step of the computer.

Process: This is the second step of the computer cycle. In this step the computer's processing device process the input data based on instructions. CPU is the main processing unit of the computer.

Output: This is the third step of the computer cycle. The computer gives meaningful information after completion of processing task which is displayed on the output devices. Monitor, printer, plotter etc are some of the common examples of output devices.

Storage: This is the fourth step of computer cycle. The computer permanently stores the result of processing on Hard disks or some other kinds of storage medium.

Chapter 2: History of computer

a. What is abacus?

Abacus is the first calculating device ever made in the historical development of computer. It is unknown that who invented it but early Chinese, Japanese and Korean businessmen used for calculating in 3500BC.

b.   What is a contribution of Blaise Pascal?

Blaise Pascal invented a very first mechanical calculating machine called ‘pascaline’.

c.Who is known as father of computer? Why he is called so?

Charles Babbage is known as the father of computer because he invented difference engine and analytical engine with program and storage capacity.

d.Who is the first programmer? Why she is known as first computer programmer?

Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace is the first computer programmer. She is known as the first computer programmer because she made programming concept with binary digits which are still in use in computers.

e.What is slide rule? Who invented slide rule?

A slide rule consists of two graduated scales which slip upon the other. With proper alignment, the user can perform simple multiplication and division problems. The Slide Rule was invented by William Oughtred in 1620AD.

 

Chapter 3: Generation of Computer

a.Define generation of computer? Explain different generation of computer.

The history of the computer is also referred to its generation. Key technology development that vitally changed the way computers operate, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful, efficient and reliable devices distinguished the generation of the computer. This division of computer according to the development period, memory, processing speed, efficiency, storage etc. is called computer generation. There are five computer generations:

First Generation (1946-1958)

Vacuum tubes were used for first generation computers for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. They were huge and expensive to operate. Due to the consumption of great deal of electricity, it generated a lot of heat that often caused malfunctioning in the system. Example: ENIAC, UNIVAC, MARK-1.

Features:

·      They used vacuum tubes/valves as their main electronic components.

·      Storage capacity was limited to 1 KB to 4 KB.

·      They used machine level language for programming.

·      Processing speed was in a millisecond.

·      They used the magnetic drum for primary memory.

Drawbacks:

·      Difficult in maintenance.

·      No facility of linking program.

·      Difficult for logical programming.

Second Generation (1959-1964)

The transistors invented in 1947, which was not seen as extensive use, replaced vacuum tubes. The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube that made computers become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than the first generation computers. Example: IBM 1401, UNIVAC-II, IBM 1620.

Features:

·      They used transistors in place of vacuum tubes. 1 transistor was equivalent to 1000 vacuum tubes.

·      The speed of processing was increased to the microsecond.

·      They used the magnetic core as primary memory and magnetic tapes as auxiliary memory.

·      They were much smaller and more reliable.

·      They used assembly language for programming.

Third generation (1965-1974)

The development of the Integrated Circuit (IC) was the major turning point of the third generation computers. Transistors were made smaller and placed on silicon clips called semiconductors that drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers. It was called integrated Circuit. Example: IBM 360, PDP-8, etc.

Features:

·      Integrated Circuit (IC) replaced transistors. 1 IC was equivalent to 100 transistors.

·      Processing speed was increased to the nanosecond.

·      Semiconductor memory was used instead of magnetic core memory.

·      They used high-level language for programming.

·      They were smaller, more efficient and more reliable.

Fourth Generation (1975-1990)

The development of microprocessor gave rise to the fourth generation of computers. A microprocessor has thousands of integrated circuits builds onto a single silicon clip. The Intel 4004 chips, developed in 1971 is the first microprocessor.

Features:

·      The microprocessor is used in place of transistors. Very Large Scale integration (VLSI) containing hundreds of thousands of transistors on a chip and LSIs(Large Scale Integration) containing thousand of transistors in a chip made the microprocessor.

·      The speed of processing is increased to Picosecond. Billions of instructions could be processed in a second.

·      They are very user-friendly computers which use many high-level languages for programming

Fifth Generation Computer (1991-Personal and beyond)

The fifth generation computers are based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and are still in development. After 90s computers that support Voice Recognition System (VRS) have been developed.

Features:

·      These computers will use parallel processor made from superconductors Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)/biochip.

·      They will possess Artificial Intelligence (AI).

·      They will be able to feed input in the natural language.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

It is the biotechnology, which will be used in the fifth generation computer. A computer having AI will be able to understand natural language, think and make decisions.

b.      Differentiate between second and third generation of computer.

Second Generation	Third Generation
Ø Transistors are used. Ø Magnetic core memory. Ø Magnetic tapes are used and Disks for secondary storage	Ø ICs are used. Ø Larger magnetic core memory. Ø Larger capacity magnetic disks and tapes are used for storage.

c. Differentiate between fourth and fifth generation computer?

Fourth Generation	Fifth Generation
Ø ICs with VLSI technology. Ø Microprocessors and Semiconductor memory are used. Ø Larger capacity hard disks as inbuilt secondary storage.	Ø ULSI technology is used. Ø Bio chips are main component.

Chapter 4: Types of computer

a. Define mainframe computer?

Main frame computers are big size, expensive and have fast processing capacity. These Computers are used in big companies, Government agencies, scientific etc.

b.Write the differences between mini and micro computer?

Mini Computers	Micro Computers
Mini Computers are middle size and fast processing computer. They are used in bank, education etc. Minicomputer is a multi-processing system capable of supporting from 4 to about 200 users simultaneously.	Micro Computers are most common from small firm to big companies. The cost of micro Computers are decreasing day by day. Desktop, Laptop, Palmtop, Digital Diary, Notebook, PDAs are the example of Micro computers.

c. Define micro computer?

Micro Computers are most common from small firm to big companies. The cost of micro Computers are decreasing day by day. Desktop, Laptop, Palmtop, Digital Diary, Notebook, PDAs are the example of Micro computers.

d.Write any four feature of super computer?

Features of Super computer are as follows:

-  Most powerful, fastest, largest and expensive computer in the world.

- It is used to solve extremely complex and large scale problems.

- A single bus structure is primarily found on super computer.

- Number of processor is 4-16.

e. Define hybrid computer?

Hybrid computers are the computers which are made by using the good qualities of both Analog and digital Computers. Hybrid Computers are usually used to solve problems which large numbers of complex equation are involved, for example:- Hospitals, scientific purpose, airplanes, war affairs etc.

Chapter 5: Software

a. What is software? Write its feature/ characteristics/ benefits.

Software is the computer programs, which is a set of program which is used for different purpose. It is also defined as the program concerned with operation of the hardware in the data system.

Following are the characterristics of software:

- Software provide environment for interaction between user and hardware.

- Software helps user to perform specific task.

- Software can be shared, install and unstall.

b.   What are the types of software? Explain.

The software available in any computer can be divided into two types:

v System Software:-The software required for running user program is known as system software. System software is the collection of the programs written for computer, which allows the user to develop and run programs.

Mainly system software is divided into two parts

1. Operating system

2. Utility program

3. Device Driver

v Application software:-The software written for special purpose (specific) in a specific language is known as application software. These programs perform certain task with respect to related program ms.word, ms.excel, ms.powerpoint, adobe PageMaker, freehand,etc.

c. Differentiate between system software and application software.

System Software	Application Software
The software required for running user program is known as system software. System software is the collection of the programs written for computer, which allows the user to develop and run programs.  For eg. Operating system, Utility program, Device Driver, etc	The software written for special purpose (specific) in a specific language is known as application software. These programs perform certain task with respect to related program. For eg.  ms.word, ms.excel, ms.powerpoint, adobe PageMaker, freehand,etc.

d.Define utility program.

Software that performs a very specific task, usually related to managing system resources is called utility programs. For eg. Compression program, Backup utility program, antivirus, etc.

e. What is application software? Write with example.

The software written for special purpose (specific) in a specific language is known as application software. These programs perform certain task with respect to related program. For eg.  ms.word, ms.excel, ms.powerpoint, adobe PageMaker, freehand,etc.

Chapter 6: Operating system

a.  What is operating system?

An OS is a collection of system program that controls the operations of the computer system. It activates and recognizes the hardware devices and provides the operating environment for other application software. It acts as the intermediary between a user and the computer hardware.

b.   Write any three functions of operating system.

• File and folder management

• Device management

• Memory management

• Security management

• Help to run application software for user

• Process and management

c.     What are the types of operating system? Write the name of any three operating systems and explain.

Operating systems are categorized into different types on the basis of mode of use and user.

Based on mode of user, operating systems are classified into two types:

• Single user operating system:

• Multi-user operating system:

We can classify the operating system on the basis user interface like command or character user interface operating system and graphical user interface operating system.

1. Command or Character-based User Interface (CUI)

CUI is a traditional user interface. It provides the interactive terminal where a user could enter the command to interpret. It was the only common place to communicate between a program and its user. We are still using this command based interface.

2. Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Graphical user interface is an operating system where users can interact with the computer using picture and graphs, rather than character and commands. It displays the icon, buttons, dialog box etc. Popular GUI is Microsoft Windows.

d.   What is booting? Write its types.

The process and functions that a computer goes through when it first start-up and end in the proper loading of the operating system and preparing it to receive commands. There are two types of booting cold boot and warm boot.

e. What is desktop? Draw a picture of desktop and label it.

Desktop is a platform of OS when User logs on computer. The Screen that is initially displayed is called the Desktop.

Functions of Operating System are as follows:

 

Chapter 7: Word Processing

a. What is word processing? Write its main functions.

A word processing is the process of using computer to write, correct, edit and store text. Its main function is to allow user to create and edit text easily. Microsoft word, word perfect, word, star, etc.

b.   Write the features of word processing software.

Following are the feature of typical word processing software.

- Entering a new document or text.

- Storage and retrieval of information.

- Text and picture formatting and priting.

- Editing facility like delete, insert, cut, copy, paste, undo, etc.

- Importing object created in other application.

c. Write the difference between paragraph spacing and line spacing.

The amount of space between lines of text in paragraph is known as line spacing.

Paragraph spacing refers to the amount og space between paragraphs.

d.   Define margin and page setup.

Margin are white borders around the edge of page where the text is not alloud.

Page setup is the document formatting command. Formatting documents means controlling appearance or layout of text on page and addition of other graphics elements like line, shading, boarder, etc.

e.  Define header and footer.

Header and footer are the lines of text that runs along the top and bottom of page respectively, which consist of text or graphics.

f. Write the uses of header and footer.

The use of header and footer is to contain page numbers, chapter titles, dates and author names.

Chapter 8: Spreadsheet

a. What is spreadsheet?

Spreadsheet is application software for calculating and evaluating numbers. The spreadsheet is made of row and columns in which any data can be entered. The spreadsheet is for performing calculations, calculating results creating financial reports, etc.

b.   Define Ms-excel. What are the advantages of Ms-excel?

Ms-excel is a spreadsheet program developed by Microsoft corporation. The file created in Excel is known as workbook and the file extension is .xls Microsoft released Ms-excel in different versions. They are Ms-excel 2000, Ms-excel 2003, Ms-excel 2007, Ms-excel 2010 and Ms-excel 2013.

c.    What are the features of Ms-Excel?

Following are the salient feature of Ms-excel:

-   Graphical Interface

-   Auto Fill

-   Charting

-   Auto Sum

-   Workbook

-   Spell Checking

-   Freeze Panes

d.   Write the difference between worksheet and workbook.

Worksheet is the primary document that you use in Excel to store and work with data which is also called spreadsheet whereas combination of worksheet called workbook.

e. Write the differences between copy-paste and cut-paste.

Copy-paste is the action of making duplicate of selected object whereas cut-paste is the action used to move selected object in new location.

f. Write a process to open Ms-excel?

Step 1: Click on Start button.

Step 2: Click on All Programs.

Step 3: Click on Microsoft Office.

Step 4: Click on Microsoft Office Excel.

Chapter 9: Presentation Software

a. Write the feature of presentation software/ program.

Following are the features of presentation software:

i. Presentation software provides graphical user interface for user.

ii. Presentation software provides adequate tools such as animation/ slides/ pre formatted layout for users.

iii. Presentation software can be used in various fields such as education, business, industry, entertainment, etc.

b.   Write the functions of presentation software.

Following are the function/ benefits of presentation software:

i. In educational institutes, for making teaching scientific, lively and psychological. Presentation software can serve as technique, methods or approaches in teaching.

ii. In business organizations presentation software are used as effective methods for presenting ideas in meeting and seminars.

iii. In entertainment i.e. preparation of cartoon movies etc.

c. Write the process to insert picture in slide.

Step 1: Click on insert tab.

Step 2: Click on picture.

Step 3: Select the desired picture and click on insert.

d.   Write the ways to change alignment of word or sentences.

Step 1: Select the desired word or sentences.

Step 2: On a home tab, in paragraph group click on different alignment tab.

 Concept of ICT

1. Define ICT.
   ICT (Information and Communication Technology) refers to technologies used for communication, processing, and sharing information.

2. Write the use of ICT in education and engineering.

   • Education: Online learning, digital libraries, virtual classrooms.
   • Engineering: CAD software, automation, simulations.

3. Write the use of ICT in security and transportation.

   • Security: CCTV, biometric systems, encryption.
   • Transportation: GPS, traffic control systems, automated toll collection.

4. Write the use of ICT in banking and medicine.

   • Banking: Online banking, ATMs, e-wallets.
   • Medicine: Telemedicine, electronic health records, medical imaging.

5. Write some advantages and disadvantages of ICT.

   • Advantages: Fast communication, automation, data storage.
   • Disadvantages: Cyber threats, high cost, job loss due to automation.

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Computer Ethics, Cyber Crime, and Cyber Laws

1. What is computer ethics?
   Computer ethics refers to moral guidelines for the use of computers and technology.

2. Why is computer ethics required in cyber security?
   It ensures responsible use of digital resources, privacy protection, and security.

3. List any four commandments of computer ethics.

   • Do not use computers to harm others.
   • Do not interfere with others' computer work.
   • Do not use others' resources without permission.
   • Always respect privacy.

4. Define cyber law.
   Cyber law is the legal framework that regulates internet use, digital transactions, and cybercrime.

5. Write a short note on cyber law in Nepal.
   Nepal's cyber law is governed by the Electronic Transactions Act (ETA) 2063, which prevents cybercrimes like hacking and data theft.

6. Define cybercrime. Write about any two cyber crimes.
   Cybercrime is any criminal activity involving computers or the internet.

   • Hacking: Unauthorized access to computer systems.
   • Phishing: Fraudulent emails or messages to steal information.

7. Write any two strong points for protection against cybercrime.

   • Use strong passwords and update them regularly.
   • Avoid clicking on unknown links or attachments.

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Computer Virus

1. What do you mean by a computer virus? How does it affect a computer?
   A computer virus is a malicious program that disrupts normal computer functions. It can slow down systems, delete files, or steal data.

2. List different types of computer viruses.

   • Boot sector virus
   • File infector virus
   • Macro virus
   • Trojan horse

3. What is a program virus? Write some examples.
   A program virus infects executable files (.exe, .com).

   • Examples: CIH, Sasser, Melissa

4. What do you mean by a computer worm?
   A worm is a self-replicating program that spreads without human action.

5. Write some symptoms of a computer virus.

   • Slow performance
   • Unexpected crashes
   • Unwanted pop-ups

6. Write some preventive measures against computer viruses.

   • Install antivirus software
   • Avoid downloading from untrusted sources

7. Define antivirus. Write any two examples.
   Antivirus is a program that detects and removes viruses.

   • Examples: Avast, Norton

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Web Design

1. Define HTML.
   HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used to create webpages.

2. What are HTML tags? List types.
   Tags are elements used to format content.

   • Types: Structural tags, formatting tags, link tags

3. List any four character formatting tags.

   • <b> (Bold)
   • <i> (Italic)
   • <u> (Underline)
   • <sup> (Superscript)

4. What are the different attributes of the <body> tag?

   • bgcolor (Background color)
   • text (Text color)
   • link (Hyperlink color)

5. How many types of linking can be done in HTML? List them.

   • Internal link
   • External link
   • Email link
   • Image link

6. What is HTML? Write its types with examples.
   HTML is a markup language used to create webpages.

   • Types: Static HTML, Dynamic HTML

7. What is the use of forms in HTML?
   Forms collect user input, such as login details and feedback.

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Communication and Network

1. Define network. Write any two services of a network.
   A network is a group of connected computers.

   • Internet access
   • File sharing

2. Write any two advantages of a computer network.

   • Resource sharing
   • Faster communication

3. Write any two disadvantages of a computer network.

   • Security risks
   • Network failure

4. Differentiate between guided and unguided media.

   • Guided: Uses cables (e.g., fiber optics)
   • Unguided: Uses wireless signals (e.g., Wi-Fi)

5. Write any two features of fiber optic cable.

   • High-speed data transmission
   • Immune to electromagnetic interference

6. What is network topology? Name any four types of network topologies.
   Network topology is the layout of a network.

   • Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh

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Multimedia

1. Define multimedia.
   Multimedia is a combination of text, audio, video, images, and animation.

2. What do you mean by multimedia components? Give examples.

   • Text (e-books)
   • Audio (MP3)
   • Video (MP4)

3. Differentiate between linear and non-linear multimedia.

   • Linear: No user control (e.g., movies)
   • Non-linear: Interactive (e.g., video games)

4. Write advantages and disadvantages of multimedia.

   • Advantages: Engaging, effective learning
   • Disadvantages: High cost, large storage required

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Programming Tools and QBasic

1. What is an algorithm?
   A step-by-step procedure to solve a problem.

2. List characteristics of an algorithm.

   • Clear steps
   • Finite steps

3. Define flowchart.
   A graphical representation of an algorithm.

4. List the symbols used in flowcharts along with their figures.

   • Oval (Start/End)
   • Rectangle (Process)
   • Diamond (Decision)

5. Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart for:

   • To cook rice: Wash rice → Add water → Boil → Serve
   • To multiply three numbers: Input → Multiply → Output
   • To find the average of four numbers: Sum → Divide by 4 → Output

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QBasic Programming

1. What is QBasic?
   A simple programming language for beginners.

2. What are the features of QBasic?

   • Easy syntax
   • Supports loops and conditions

3. Differentiate between variable and constant.

   • Variable: Value changes
   • Constant: Value remains fixed

4. Write a QBasic program to check whether a number is odd or even.

   INPUT "Enter a number"; N
   IF N MOD 2 = 0 THEN
       PRINT "Even"
   ELSE
       PRINT "Odd"
   END IF

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Computer Graphics

1. Define Photoshop.
   Photoshop is an image editing software used for designing and editing photos.

2. What do you mean by photo editing? List some photo editing software.
   Photo editing is modifying or enhancing an image.

   • Examples: Photoshop, GIMP, Pixlr

3. What is the work of the clone tool? For what purpose is it used?
   The clone tool copies a selected area and pastes it elsewhere. It is used for removing unwanted objects or duplicating parts of an image.

4. What is video editing software? Explain with examples.
   Video editing software is used to modify and enhance videos.

   • Examples: Adobe Premiere Pro, Final Cut Pro

5. What do you understand by the term simulation?
   Simulation is the imitation of real-world processes using a computer model.

6. What is the work of the text tool?
   The text tool allows users to insert and edit text in an image.

7. What do you mean by page layout in designing?
   Page layout refers to the arrangement of text, images, and design elements on a page.

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Multimedia

1. Define multimedia.
   Multimedia is a combination of text, images, audio, video, and animation.

2. What do you mean by multimedia components? Give examples.
   Multimedia components are different types of media.

   • Examples:
     • Text: Digital books
     • Audio: Podcasts
     • Video: Movies

3. Differentiate between linear and non-linear multimedia.

   • Linear multimedia: The user has no control over playback (e.g., movies).
   • Non-linear multimedia: The user can interact and control the content (e.g., websites).

4. Write advantages and disadvantages of multimedia.

   • Advantages: Engaging, interactive, improves learning.
   • Disadvantages: High storage requirement, expensive software.

5. Explain in brief the application areas of multimedia.

   • Education: E-learning, digital books.
   • Entertainment: Games, movies.
   • Business: Advertisements, presentations.

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Program Designing Tools and Concept of Programming

1. What is an algorithm?
   An algorithm is a step-by-step method to solve a problem.

2. List the characteristics of an algorithm.

   • Clear: Each step must be well defined.
   • Finite: It should end after a certain number of steps.

3. Define flowchart.
   A flowchart is a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm.

4. List the symbols used in a flowchart along with their figure.

   • Oval: Start/End
   • Rectangle: Process
   • Diamond: Decision
   • Parallelogram: Input/Output

5. Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart for the following:

   • To cook rice:

     1. Take rice.
     2. Wash it.
     3. Add water.
     4. Boil it.
     5. Serve.

   • To multiply three numbers and find their product:

     1. Input three numbers.
     2. Multiply them.
     3. Display the result.

   • To find the average of four numbers:

     1. Input four numbers.
     2. Find the sum.
     3. Divide by 4.
     4. Display the result.

   • To check odd and even numbers:

     1. Input a number.
     2. If the number is divisible by 2, print "Even."
     3. Else, print "Odd."

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Introduction to QBasic

1. What is QBasic?
   QBasic is a beginner-friendly programming language.

2. What are the features of QBasic?

   • Simple syntax.
   • Supports loops and conditions.
   • Allows structured programming.

3. Make a truth table of AND, OR, and NOT operators.

   A	B	A AND B	A OR B	NOT A
   0	0	0	0	1
   0	1	0	1	1
   1	0	0	1	0
   1	1	1	1	0

4. Differentiate between View Window and Immediate Window.

   • View Window: Displays program output.
   • Immediate Window: Executes commands directly.

5. Differentiate between variable and constant.

   • Variable: Can change value during execution.
   • Constant: Value remains fixed.

6. Define operator. Write its types.
   An operator is a symbol that performs an operation.

   • Types: Arithmetic, Relational, Logical

7. Define arithmetic operator.
   Arithmetic operators perform mathematical calculations (+, -, *, /).

8. Define expression. Write its types.
   An expression is a combination of values and operators.

   • Types: Arithmetic, Boolean, Logical

9. Describe different operators in detail supported by QBasic.

   • Arithmetic: +, -, *, /
   • Relational: =, <, >
   • Logical: AND, OR, NOT

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QBasic Statements

1. What are statements? List them.
   Statements are instructions in QBasic.

   • Examples: PRINT, INPUT, IF-THEN, FOR-NEXT

2. Explain the PRINT statement with examples.
   The PRINT statement displays output on the screen.

   PRINT "Hello, QBasic!"
   

3. Explain the relation between READ and DATA statements.

   • READ extracts values from DATA.
   • Example:

     READ X
     DATA 10
     PRINT X
     

4. What is FOR-NEXT statement? Give an example.
   A loop that repeats a block of code a fixed number of times.

   FOR I = 1 TO 5
       PRINT I
   NEXT I
   

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QBasic Programs

1. Program to find the greatest among three numbers.

   INPUT A, B, C
   IF A > B AND A > C THEN
       PRINT "Greatest:"; A
   ELSEIF B > C THEN
       PRINT "Greatest:"; B
   ELSE
       PRINT "Greatest:"; C
   END IF
   

2. Program to calculate the area of a square.

   INPUT "Enter side length"; S
   AREA = S * S
   PRINT "Area of square:"; AREA
   

3. Program to convert USD to Nepali currency (1 USD = 88 NPR).

   INPUT "Enter USD:"; USD
   NPR = USD * 88
   PRINT "Nepali Currency:"; NPR
   

4. Program to check if a number is positive, negative, or zero.

   INPUT "Enter a number:"; N
   IF N > 0 THEN
       PRINT "Positive"
   ELSEIF N < 0 THEN
       PRINT "Negative"
   ELSE
       PRINT "Zero"
   END IF
   

5. Program to check if a number is odd or even.

   INPUT N
   IF N MOD 2 = 0 THEN
       PRINT "Even"
   ELSE
       PRINT "Odd"
   END IF
   

6. Program to display "Surya Prakash Secondary School" 10 times.

   DO
       PRINT "Surya Prakash Secondary School"
       COUNT = COUNT + 1
   LOOP UNTIL COUNT = 10
   

7. Program to print first 25 even numbers using DO loop.

   I = 2
   COUNT = 1
   DO WHILE COUNT <= 25
       PRINT I
       I = I + 2
       COUNT = COUNT + 1
   LOOP